Pahiyangala Cave

🏞️ (Fa-Hien Cave) – Summary and History

🕰️ Summary

Pahiyangala Cave, located in Bulathsinhala, Sri Lanka, is one of Asia’s most important prehistoric archaeological sites. Archaeologists have discovered evidence that humans lived here around 37,000 years ago, making it the oldest known prehistoric settlement in Asia. The cave is not only significant for its ancient human remains but also for its deep connection to Buddhist history.

Today, it serves as a Buddhist temple, featuring a 40-foot-long reclining Buddha statue, attracting both pilgrims and travelers who wish to explore its ancient mysteries and religious heritage.

📜 History

Prehistoric Era (37,000 years ago):
Excavations revealed human skulls, stone tools, and animal bones, showing that ancient people—known as Pahiyangala Manawakaya (Pahiyangala Man)—hunted and ate wild animals, edible snails, and breadfruit. These early inhabitants had broad jawbones and strong teeth, typical of prehistoric humans.

Buddhist Connection (5th Century A.D.):
The cave is named after Fa-Hien (Faxian), a Chinese Mahayana Buddhist monk who visited Sri Lanka in 411 A.D. during his pilgrimage to Sri Pada (Adam’s Peak). He is believed to have stayed in the cave during his journey. Archaeologists even discovered a clay vessel thought to have belonged to him.

Modern Era (20th Century):
In the 1940s, a Chinese monk named Thiashu Sangaraju also stayed at the cave. Later, Ven. Poranagama Thero transformed it into a temple by clearing the entrance, leveling the ground, and installing the large reclining Buddha statue. He used a heavy 6-foot iron bar called Yakula—which now lies at the feet of the Buddha statue—and built two massive wooden door frames that still stand at the entrance.

📍 Interesting Facts

Elevation: 400 feet above sea level
Entrance height: 175 feet
Width: over 200 feet, capable of accommodating around 3,000 people
Divided into four sections, with the largest area on the left

🚗────── 🏞️ ✈️ 🏕️ ──────🚗