Kaudulla National Park

🐘 A Wildlife Haven in Sri Lanka’s Heartland

Tucked away in Sri Lanka’s North Central Province, Kaudulla National Park is a vibrant sanctuary of biodiversity and breathtaking wildlife experiences. Located just about 197 km from Colombo and easily accessible from Polonnaruwa, this 6,900-hectare park has become a key destination for nature lovers and safari enthusiasts alike.

🗓️ A Park with Historical Roots

Established on April 1, 2002, Kaudulla is more than just a modern conservation area — it’s also steeped in history. At the heart of the park lies the Kaudulla Tank, originally built by King Mahasen as part of his ancient irrigation network. Reconstructed in 1959, the tank now plays a vital role in the ecosystem, especially during the dry season when it becomes a lifeline for countless animals.

🌳 Flora – Forests and Grasslands in Harmony

Kaudulla’s landscape is dominated by dry evergreen forests interspersed with wide stretches of open grasslands. Towering trees like Manilkara hexandra and Vitex altissima form the green canopy, while the grassy plains provide ample grazing grounds during the arid months.

🐾 Fauna – A Rich and Diverse Wildlife Population

Home to over 160 species of birds, 24 mammals, 25 reptiles, and 26 fish species, Kaudulla is teeming with life:

🐘 Elephants – The park is best known for the seasonal migration of Sri Lankan elephants, especially during the dry period when herds gather around the tank in large numbers.
🐆 Mammals – Keep an eye out for sambar deer, axis deer, and even the rare Sri Lankan leopard.
🐦 Birds – Birdwatchers will delight in spotting species like the spot-billed pelican and other large waterbirds.
🐢 Reptiles & Amphibians – Endangered species such as the gray slender loris, freshwater turtles, and the endemic Fejervarya pulla thrive here.
Sadly, invasive species such as Lantana camara and Oreochromis mossambicus pose ecological threats, but continuous conservation efforts are in place to protect native biodiversity.

🌿 Conservation Efforts

In 2004, the vital Kaudulla–Minneriya jungle corridor was declared a Wildlife Sanctuary to promote better movement for animals and enhance protection for the entire region’s biodiversity. Together with Minneriya National Park, Kaudulla is part of a recognized Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International, highlighting its ecological significance.

🌦️ Climate & Best Time to Visit

Kaudulla experiences a tropical climate with temperatures ranging between 20.6°C to 34.5°C. The best time to visit is during the dry season (August to October) when elephant gatherings peak, offering unforgettable wildlife sightings.

🧭 Travel Tip

If you’re planning a trip to Polonnaruwa or the Cultural Triangle, a Kaudulla safari is a must-add to your itinerary. Early morning or late afternoon safaris are ideal for cooler weather and more active wildlife.

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