Kanneliya–Dediyagala–Nakiyadeniya (KDN) Forest Complex

The Kanneliya–Dediyagala–Nakiyadeniya (KDN) Forest Complex, located 35 km northwest of Galle, is one of the last major rainforests in Sri Lanka, second only to Sinharaja. Declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 2004, KDN is among the richest floristic areas in South Asia, serving as a vital catchment for the Gin and Nilwala Rivers.

Physical and Hydrological Features

This forest complex spans a series of mountain ranges with elevations between 60–425 m above sea level. Receiving an average annual rainfall of 3,750 mm, it supports streams such as Kanneli, Nanikiththa, and Homa Dola, which feed two of Sri Lanka’s most important rivers.

Biodiversity

KDN is home to 52% of Sri Lanka’s endemic woody plants and medicinal species such as Weniwelgata and Rasakinda. Its fauna includes 220 recorded species, with highlights like the Sri Lanka junglefowl, Sri Lanka blue magpie, and several endemic reptiles, amphibians, and fish species.

Human Impact and Conservation

Approximately 10,000 people inhabit 78 villages around the forest. Their livelihoods depend on agriculture, non-timber forest products, and cottage industries. Logging ceased in 1988, preserving much of the biodiversity. Plans for a wildlife corridor linking KDN with the Sinharaja Forest aim to enhance conservation efforts for endangered species like the green-billed coucal and white-faced starling.

Explore this treasure trove of biodiversity and immerse yourself in its natural beauty and ecological significance.

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